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              <text>AIGA (American Institute of Graphic Arts)</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Established in 1914 as the American Institute of Graphic Arts, AIGA is the oldest professional organization devoted to design in the United States. Since its formation in New York, AIGA has grown to become one of the major professional associations dedicated to design in the United States and abroad. Its forty founding members included illustrator and designer F.G. Cooper (1883–1962) and typography pioneer Frederic W. Goudy (1865–1947) as well as prominent fine and commercial printers Hal Marchbanks (1877–1934) and William Edwin Rudge (1876–1931). The organization initially focused on the promotion of fine typography, bookmaking, and high-quality commercial printing. Responding to the new multi-faceted profession of the ‘designer,’ which emerged from the marketing needs of the flourishing American economy, AIGA helped to broaden the graphic arts into a diverse set of practices. As early as the 1920s, AIGA membership expanded to typographers, printers, illustrators, package designers, trademark designers, photographers, industrial designers, jewelry designers, and glass designers. It was also the first design association to accept women as members. Frances Atwater, a typographer at the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; New York Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, and Baltimore Museum of Art Director Florence N. Levy set this precedent. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;By the 1981, local AIGA chapters were initiated throughout the United States. As of 2010, the Chicago branch held a membership of 1,318. The association continues to connect practitioners, survey the field, and discuss developments. With a national membership of seventy chapters and 26,000 design practitioners, scholars, and students, AIGA is the largest design association in the nation, sponsoring design exhibitions, publications, lectures, workshops, and professional awards.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Challos, Courtney. “City Seeks Simpler Ballot: Officials Elect to Ask for Proposals from Graphic Designers.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, November 29, 2000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Challos, Courtney. “Redesigned Election Ballot to Get Trial Run in Primary.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, January 8, 2001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“Editorials: How to Make a Better Ballot.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, December 3, 2000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Emmett, Burton. “A.I.G.A. Spirit—What Is It?” July 10, 1924. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;http://www.aiga.org/aiga-spirit-what-is-it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“FLOR Recipient of AIGA Chicago Corporate Design Leadership Award.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;PR Newswire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, June 9, 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Heller, Steven and Marie Finamore, ed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Design Culture: An Anthology of Writing from the AIGA Journal of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Graphic Design&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. New York: Allworth Press, 1997.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Heller, Steven and Nathan Gluck. “Seventy-Five Years of AIGA.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;http://www.aiga.org/aiga/content/inspiration/seventy-five-years-of-aiga/ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“IIT Institute of Design Receives AIGA Corporate Design Leadership Award.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;States News Service&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;February 2, 2005.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Margolin, Victor. “Graphic Design in Chicago.” In &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Architecture and Design, 1923–1993: Reconfiguration of an American Metropolis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, edited by John Zukowsky, 283–301. Munich: Prestel, 1993. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Margolin, Victor and Robert Perlman, ed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Graphic Design: The Best of Chicago Graphic Design, with Essays on Past and Future Trends&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. Rockport, Massachusetts: RWP and Rockport Publishing, 1994.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“Morningstar Receives AIGA Chicago Chapter Corporate Design Leadership Award.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;PR Newswire, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;May 21, 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Mortell, Constance L. “Poetry Partners.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, March 14, 1996.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“News of Authors and Books.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Daily Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, November 17, 1923.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Sullivan, Barbara. “Morton International’s Report Wins in Midwest Competition.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, November 14, 1995.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The American Institute of Graphic Arts. “AIGA: About.” http://www.aiga.org/about/. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The American Institute of Graphic Arts. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;AIGA Chicago: 2009/2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. Chicago: Lake County Press, 2010.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The American Institute of Graphic Arts. “AIGA Chicago: Mission.” https://chicago.aiga.org/about-us/mission/ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The American Institute of Graphic Arts. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;AIGA Chicago: Snapshots 2006/2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. Chicago, Illinois: Lake&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;County&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Press, 2007.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The American Institute of Graphic Arts.  “AIGA Design Archives: About.” http://designarchives.aiga.org/#/about &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The American Institute of Graphic Arts. “AIGA: FAQs.” http://www.aiga.org/faqs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The American Institute of Graphic Arts. “AIGA History Timeline.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;http://www.aiga.org/history-timeline. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;“Typographic Art Group Sponsors Two Exhibits.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chicago Daily Tribune&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;, June 16, 1956.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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